Fluid pressure turbine



NOV. 23, 1948. A, B, B'ROLUSKA v v2,454,428

FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE Filed Aug. l28, 1947 l 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTolcAmel Bern Bro/uska,

ATTORNEY.

www l A. B. BROLUSKA FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE Nov. 23, 1948.

4v`Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Aug. 28, 1947 Nov. 23, 1948. Y AA. B. BRoLusKAl' 2,454,428

FLUID PRESSURE TURBINE d Filed Aug. 28, 1947 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 -7/ [illll-lllllll Ufff.'

I/ u/f// INVENTOR.

el Ben Broluska' i BY i flam/mw ATTORNEY yNov. 23, 1948. f r A. B.BRoLusKA 2,454,428

` FLUID rREssURE TURBINE Filed Aug. 28. 1947 4 sheets-#sheet 4 INVENToR.Ben Bro/.uska

ATTORNEY atented Nov. 23, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE FLUIDPRESSURE TURBINE Amel Ben Broluska, Detroit, Mich. Application August28, 1947, Serial No. 771,079

11 Claims. l

This application is a continuation ln part of my prior co-pendingapplication Serial No. 578,975 led February 21, 1945, now abandonedrelating to fluid pressure turbines.

The invention herein relates to turbines operated by fluid pressure suchas steam or compressed air, and the principal lobject is to transmit thefluid pressure into rotary motion by a simplified construction which iseconomical in power consumption.

It is the object of this invention to provide a turbine adapted for highspeed for driving dynamos :and the like, but which is also adapted foroperating at relatively low speeds, such as in the propulsion of shipswithout the use of gear driving mechanism.

It is the further object of this invention to provide a turbine of suchconstruction that its dif rection of rotation may be easily and quicklyreversed. i

It is the still further object of this invention to provide in suchturbine constructiona Inechanical means for multiplying the power outputthereof.

These and other objects will be seen from the following specificationand claims in conjunction with the appended drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a front elevational view of the turbine.

Figure 2 is a side elevational View thereof.

Figure 3 is an elevational section on line 33, Fig. 4. f

Figure 4 is an elevational section on line 4 4, Fig. 3.

Figure 5 is a plan view of the single rotor.

Figure 6 is a front elevational View of a dilerent form of turbine.

Figure 7 is a side elevational view thereof.

Figure 8 is an elevational section on line 8 8, Fig. 9. i

Figure 9 is an elevational section on line 9 9, Fig. 8.

Figure 10 is a plan view of the double rotor therefor; and

Figure 11 is a fragmentary plan view of the seat portion of thereversing valve mechanism showing the spaced inlet ports.

It will be understood that the above drawings illustrate merely severalpreferable embodiments of the invention, and that other embodiments arecontemplated within the scope of the claims hereafter -set out.

Referring to the drawings, Figures 1 through 5, the turbine housingconsists of hollow upright body members I and 2 whose central opposedoutwardly projecting flanges are sealingly joined and secured to each.other by a plurality of bolts 3.

The supporting feet 4 are integral with base I and project downwardly toform a mounting support for the turbine, while body member 2 provides asuitable cover therefor. i

Hollow central bearing supports 5 are arranged at opposite sides of theturbine housing I, 2 and have supported therein cylindrical bearings 6through and upon which shaft 1 is rotatably supported.

Inlet pipe 8 is properly joined to inlet port 9 formed within theturbine housing, said port communicating with the hollow substantiallyannularly shaped pressure fluid inlet manifold I6 on the interiorthereof.

Exhaust pipe I I is coupled at I2 with the hollow exhaust flange I3which projects outward radially from turbine base I. The inner end ofexhaust flange I3 communicates with the annular exhaust chamber I4formed within turbine body.

Rotatable shaft l has keyed thereon outside said housing the angedcoupling element I5' with securing openings I6 therein Figures 1 and 4.Coupling I5' is adapted for :attachment to any desired power outlet orshaft to be driven by the turbine.

Circular rotor I6 shown in Figure 5 is loosely journalled upon shaft 'lfor rotation within annular opening I1 in turbine housing I, 2. A seriesof cavities or pockets I8 with inlet ports I9 are formed within andaround the peripheral portions of rotor I6 for receiving the drivingpressure fluid such as steam for example. The driving iluid in chamberIU is supplied through passages 2 formed in the turbine housing which.have delivery throat portions or jets 2| of reduced diameter fordirecting pressure fluid at high velocity into ports I9 of rotorcavities I8 for effecting rotative motion of rotor I6.

Pressure iiuid is directed at high velocity into cavities I8 from jets2l `for impingement upon the leading interior walls thereof, whence thefluid is promptly exhausted through the slotted exhaust ports 22. Thelatter are adapted for intermittent registry with the series of radiallyarranged exhaust channels 23 in the turbine housing which in turnconnect with the exhaust manifold I4.

The high velocity attained by the pressure uid in turn causes a moderatehigh velocity of rotor I6 as it is radially directed into theseveralcavities I8 arranged about rotor I6. Means are provided by theexhaust ports 22 and exhaust channels 23 to permit the prompt escape ofpressure fluid into exhaust manifold I4 whence it is dispelled throughthe exhaust pipe I3.

Cavities I8 are preferably of circular cross section in applicantspreferable embodiment, however, it is contemplated that the same may berectangular or other shape if desired.

As viewed in Figure 3 the jets 2| communicate with the enlargedexpansion chambers 24 from which pressure fluid may be supplied to thecavity ports I9. It will be noted that said expansion chambers have aleading portion 25 extending in the direction of rotation as indicatedby the arrow in Figure 3, to avoid a dead center condition, so thatpressure fluid will always be available to the inlet ports I9 of rotorcavities I 8.

Rotor I6 has an inwardly projecting hollowboss 26 from which projectscrank pin 2T secured' therein by pin 28. Pin 27 extends through atransverse opening in the" long arm 2-9 of bell crank 30 and is securedthereto by nut 3|.

Bell crank 30 is rotatably journalled loosely` upon shaft I upon bushing32 thereon, andmoves at all times iny unison with rotor I6. The shortend 33 of said bell crank has a transverse opening with bushing 33positioned therein:

Driving pin 3llprojects through bushing 33- and is secured to the shortends 35 of the` compound levers or operating members 36 positioned uponopposite sides of bell crank 39', by means of threaded nut 31.

The operating means 36 shaped inthe form of a` quadrant are respectivelysecured in driving relation to rotatable shaft 'I as by welding, fortransmitting rotative motion thereto.

Thus the power generated by rotor I6" isl trans-n mitted to shaft l,being multiplied by thecantilever Sfwhich drives the spaced operatingmeans or quadrants 36, carried on shaft T.

Referring to Figures 3 and 4iit will'be seen that azrotative thrustiswdelivered to cantilever 3U at its long end with shaft 'I acting as afulcrum. Consequently, the short end 33 off the lever"3|l=will deliverav proportionately greater thrusti 'Ifhisv follows in View ofithe basicprinciple of lever arms' and fulcrums; wherein athrust at the long endof theflever is multiplied at' its shorti end:

Thus, this increased thrust at thelend offtlieJ short. arm 33 istransmitted through pin34l-to the long. ends of the compound levers or'quadrants 3i?7 Whose opposite ends are secured indriving relationtorotatable shaft l, asby welding.

Consequently the driving effect offrotorllupon shaft 'I' and itscoupling I5 is'increased by errr-y ploying the lever Silrinter-mediatetoishaftoperat'- ingy means 36and rotor I6;

A different form of theinvention isillus-trated inFigures 6 through 11whereinthe doublerevers'- ible rotor of Figure 10fis employed;

The turbine housing consists ofthe-hollow upli right body members I:land. 2' whose centrali op'-. posed outwardly projecting flanges`aresealingly joined and securedfto eachother byv apluralityroff bolts 2I Thesupporting legs or feet I-I-f are integralwithsaid base. andproject downwardly to forml aV mounting support for the housing; whilebody member 2. forms a suitable cover for the turbine.

Hollow centralbearing portions -3 are-.arranged` at opposite sides ofturbine housing I 2' andfproject"` outwardly therefrom to rotatablyjournal shaft SI". For illustration, a marine propeller-i8! is keyed tothe outer. endl of drive shaft 3Il asupright extension 'I I forming apart thereof within which is rotatably mounted the hollow pressure fluidinlet valve element 12 which is suitably joined to the motive poweremployed such as steam.

A pair of substantially annular pressure fluid inlet manifolds I22 arearranged in spaced relation within the turbine housing having inletports A and B Figures 8, 9 and 11.

Hollow valve? element I 2-` with: actuating handle 13, has an angularlyinclined hollow' portion I which in the position of valve I2 Figure 9 isin registry with manifold inlet port A. When turned lbfdegreesxvalveelement 'I' Will be in registry with manifold inlet port B as indicatedin dotted lines inv FigureA 9.

r[Theseat FFiguresQ and l1 forms a part of the turbine housing, whileits openings A and B are adapted for independent registry with hollowvalve element l whereby pressure uid can be alternately supplied toreither. of. the fluid-` pressure manifoldsyl :22 as desired.V

double rotor with spaced'icirculal rotoreles ments 48 and 4u.hasiacentral'webbing;4" whose: hollow centraL hub :isrotatably'journalledzlcosely uponv drivev shaft. 31V

Drive pin-5a projectslaterallyifromta hollow 'bess in rotoriweb: 4 beingsecured: thereinE by locking: pin 5.1.1.'. 'Ilhe'outer endfofpin\5;1lrextendsrtlirough= an opening in the long arm 53.01% 'cantilever5,3.; 54: and. is-s'ecured thereto," by the nut 5I.`

Lever 53;' 54 is rotatablyjournalled l'oosely'uporrshafty 315', and.Iassecond driving pin.. 55 projects.; laterally from the-outer' endv ofthe shorizarm 542.'.

" Drive pin 55 extendfsthrough a'. correspondingy opening in the drivingarm 6Iformingapart of.' shaft drivingA quadrant 65'. The for-medicentral por-tion ofiquadrant' is-keyed at 62 upon shaft' 3l in drivingrelation-for transmittingrthe driving forces delivered from rotors 40,40.

In1 tl-iefmanner above described with respect to Figures 3 andlpit`isseen that an-increasedidriv--' ing fbrceis deliveredtol. shaft 31 bylevers-53154;; lever element 6I and the driving meansiif.` much greater`thrust is delivered to '-shaft" '34"' than could'beiaccomplish'edbydirectly'connectingrotor- 4040 thereto: The rotor' elementswtlli 4111'-have* aseries ofcaviti'esl thereinwhic-h are -oppositely arranged withinsaid rotor elements, wherebytliel direction of'rotation maybereversed,"whenJ valve Iy is turned to establish fluid`pressure'communi.cation to either ofthe manifoldports A or B.l

Caviti'es H'with'inlet ports lf24 areY formed Within and aroundthaperipheral portions of .rotorslw and. 4G" for receiving the drivingfluid sucliias steam from the respective manifolds [2.2i

Pressure iiuidv in either of'manifol'ds |521. is suppliedto theradialpassages, I2" f crmediwithin the turbine housing, which terminatein tliejeta I2-. Pressure fluidis-deliveredthrough jetslgz?" and intocavities Illl at relatively high velcacitxt causing. rotation oftherotory 4 0 4 I] The turbine housing has formed;therein.thef radiallypositioned expansion.chambers i 4 `I.. adjacent jets;` I2, relative,ltofvvluiclfiA cavitiesiI are. movable. Chambers.V 1Hl haveforwardly+extandingfportions 113V extendingrinthedirection ofrotationzforf supplyinggpressure; uidtothe-cavityinlet' L ports: 41 2fWhere necessary i to; avoid; atdeadfcenterl condition;v`

Impinging fluid within cavities 4I can,now'ex.-Y pandi andbeiimmediately',exhaustedithrouglirthe slotted; exhaustfopeningsAZl:which intermittently shown' in Figure 9. Theturbine casing has an 75Tregister. with vexhaust;passages;I3', communicating:

with the two exhaust manifolds 32 upon opposite sides of rotors 40, 40',

If pressure fluid such as steam is supplied through inlet A Figure 9,the exhaust will be into the left hand manifold |32 formed within theturbine housing. The latter has the corresponding annular enlargements|3| upon opposite sides thereof which correspond to exhaust manifolds|32. l

Suitable exhaust fittings communicate with manifolds |32 for conductingaway the exhaust pressure fluid from the turbine.

Rotor 4|), 40 may be driven in reverse direction merely by turning valve12 so that pressure fluid is selectively supplied to ports A or B of theinlet manifolds |22. With pressure fluid supplied to port A as inFigures 8 and 9, rotor 40, 40 will rotate counterclockwise as indicatedby the arrow in Figure 8, with only the cavities of rotor 40 actuated.

With valve 'l2 turned 180 degrees, pressure fluid will be supplied toport B and into manifold |22 for direction to the oppositely arrangedcavities 4| within rotor 4D to effect rotation in a clockwise direction.

It will be observed from the foregoing description and by reference tothe drawings that I have provided a turbine which is simple inconstruction and economical to manufacture and which is furthermoreadapted to various purposes such as the driving of electric generatorsand` other types of machinery, as well as for the propulsion of vehiclessuch as airplanes, automobiles, locomotives and marine vessels of allkinds. `While I have herein described and shown several preferredembodiments of said invention, it Will be readily understood by thoseskilled in the art to which the same pertains, that variousmodifications in detail may be made to suit any particular requirementwithout departing from the spirit of my invention as defined in theappended claims.

Having described my invention, reference should now be had to the claimswhich follow for determining the scope thereof.

I claim:

l. In a pressure fluid jet turbine having a casin and a driven shafttherein, a rotor loosely journaled on said shaft and having a series ofcavities disposed around its periphery with inlet and exhaust openingsabutting upon the inner surface of said casing, there being a pluralityof pressure fluid jets in said casing adapted for registry with saidinlet openings, and a plurality of outlet ports in said casing adaptedfor registry with said exhaust openings, operating means keyed to saidshaft, and a lever loosely journaled on said shaft having its long endjoined to said rotor and its short end joined to said operating means.

2. In a pressure fluid jet turbine having a casing and a driven shafttherein, a rotor loosely journaled on said shaft and having a series ofcavities disposed around its periphery with inlet and exhaust openingsabutting upon the inner surface of said casing, there being a pluralityof pressure fluid jets in said casing adapted for registry with saidinlet openings, and a plurality of outlet ports in said casing adaptedfor registry with said exhaust openings, operating means keyed to saidshaft, and a lever loosely journaled on said shaft intermediate saidrotor and said operating means, and having its long end joined to saidrotor and its short end joined to said operating means.

3. In a pressure fluid jet turbine having a casing and a driven shafttherein, a rotor loosely journaled on said shaft andhavirig a series ofcavities disposed aroundits periphery with circular inlet openings andspaced slotted exhaust openings abutting uponthe inner surface of saidcasing, there being a plurality of pressure fluid jets in said casingadapted for registry with said inlet openings, and a plurality of outletports in said casing adapted for registry with said exhaust openings,operating means keyed to said shaft, and a lever loosely journaled onsaid shaft having its long end joined to said rotor and its short endjoined'to said operating means;

4. In a pressure fluid jet turbine having a casing and a driven shafttherein, a rotor loosely journaled on said shaft and having a series ofcavities disposedaround its periphery with inlet and exhaust openingsabutting upon the inner surface of said casing, therebeing a pair ofoppositely arranged pressure fluid inlet jets in said casing adapted forsuccessive registry with said inlet openings, and` a pair of oppositelyarranged outlet ports in said casing adjacent said jets adapted forregistry with said exhaust openings, operating means keyed to saidshaft, and a lever loosely journaled on said shaft having its long endjoined to said rotor and its short end joined to said operating means.

5. In a pressure fluid jet turbine having a casing and a driven shafttherein, a rotor loosely journaled on said shaft and having a series ofcavities disposed around its periphery with inlet and exhaust openingsabutting upon the inner surface of said casing, there being a pluralityof pressure fluid jets in said casing adapted for registry with saidinlet openings, and a plurality of outlet ports in said casing adaptedfor registry with said exhaust openings, operating means keyed to saidshaft, and a lever loosely journaled on said shaft having its long endjoined to said rotor and its short end joined to said operating means,there being a plurality of expansion chambers formed in said casingadjacent said jets and forwardly thereof in the direction of rotationand relatively to which said cavities are movable.

6. In a reversible turbine having a casing and a driven shaft therein, apair of integral rotors loosely journaled on said shaft each having aseries of oppositely arranged cavities disposed around its peripherywith inlet and exhaust openings abutting the inner surface of saidcasing, there being a plurality of pressure fluid jets in said casingadapted for successive registry with said inlet openings in either ofsaid rotors, and a plurality of outlet ports in said casing adapted forregistry with said exhaust openings, operating means keyed to saidshaft, and a lever loosely journaled on said shaft having its long endjoined to said rotors and its short end joined to said operating means.

7. In a removable turbine having a casing and a driven shaft therein, apair of integral rotors loosely journaled on said shaft each having aseries of oppositely arranged cavities disposed around its peripherywith inlet and exhaust openings abutting the inner surface of saidcasing, there being a plurality of pressure fluid jets in said casingadapted for successive registry with said inlet openings in either ofsaid rotors, and a plurality of outlet ports in said casing adapted forregistry with said exhaust openings, operating means keyed to saidshaft, a lever loosely journaled on said shaft having its long endjoined to said rotors and its short end joined to said operating means,there being a pressure fluid source 'in said casing, and. a manualyallvelinasaid casing adapted"tofselectivelyxsupplypressureiuidtofeither .rotor controlling ljets.

.8. In .a reversible `lturloine Ihaving sa :casing fand a :driven .shaftstherein, a lpairmf .integral :rotors loosely journaled lon said`shaftseach `:having fa series of oppositely :arranged .cavitiesdisposed around its periphery with .inlet vand fexhaust openingsabutting 'the inner surface :of .said .oasing, therebeing aApluralityrof pressure fluid jets in said easing.adaptediforsuccessivefregistrywith said inlet openings 'in 'either of said rotors, :and aplurality of outlet ports-"in said .casing adapted for :registry withsaid-'exhaust openings, f operating means keyed to said shaft', .and alever loosely journaled on said shafthaving'itslongrendjjoined to saidrotors .and its short end- Ijoined to said operating means, :said casinghaving therein a `pairof intake manifolds 'each'common toithe ietscorresponding to ea'oh rotor, and I"a pair fof -exhaustmanifolds eachcommonto theoutlt ports corresponding 'to eac'h `-rotor.

9. In a pressure iuid jet turbine having va casing and adriven shafttherein, a rotor loosely journaled on said shaft and Ihav'ing a lseries.of A* cavities disposed laround its periphery With inlet andexhaust'openingsfabutting upon the inner surface Aof said vcasing, there'being a 4plurality of pressure iuid jets in said `lcasing adapted forregistry With -said =inlet openings, 'and a plurality of outlet ports in-said casing l'adapted-.for registry with said exhaust openings,'operating 'means keyed I.to said shaft, `and a rlever loosely'journaled on said shaft having vits llong end rjoined to said rotor andits short end=joined to said operati-ng I means, eah -of said je'tsbei-ng Aformed with a 'forwardly extended passage lwhereby pressurefluid `may always enter said cavities regardless of the stopped radialposition of ksaid rotor relative `to said jets.

10. 'In a reversible turbine 'havfi-n'g a lcasing and a driven shafttherein, a pair of integralf-rotors loosely journaled on said shaiftleach having 4a series. fof: soppositel'y :arranged :cavities disposedaround its periphery with einlet land exhaust :openings .abutting theinner surfaceof :said 'casting, there ,being 'a plurality of pressure:fluid ,iets rimsaidoasingfadaptedforsueoessive fregistry with said'inlet openingsiin Aeither of :said rotors, Vand aiplmalityxof outlet,rports -vinsaidcasing adapted formegistry :with said exhaust openings,foperating means keyed to said shaft, and a lever *loosely ijomnalednnfsaid'ishaft having its :long yend joined. to said; rotorssandfits:short 'end joined :to :saidI operating means, feao'hzof ,said fietsbeing `formed with Ia :forwardly .extended passage in the `:direcftionof :rotation .whereby ipressure fluid may 'al- Ways :enter said:cavities Vregardless'of the .stopped radial :position `of said rotorsrelativecto.;said jets.

311.I=n a trevers'ille turbine .having .a casing `and sa A.driven .shaititherein, La "pair of integral rotors :loosely journaled on saidshaiteaohhaving a series of oppositely arranged cavities `disposed.around'itsiperiphery with Einletgaznd exhaust 'openings abutting theeinnersuriace of said ccasing, there .being` a :plurality of 'pressurefluid jets -infsaidcasing adapted'ffor'successive .registry with saidinlet openings in either osaid irotors, anda -p'luial-ity .of voutletports in said ycasing 'adapted fior yregistry with saidl'exhaustfopenings, operating means `keyedlto `said-shaft fa leveriloosely ljour- 4n-aled on said shaft having its long -end `joined tosaid rotors and Yits short lend `Ijoined to said operating means, therebeing ya `pressure .uid `source-in said-casing, there heinfg ya -pair ofspaced pressure fi-uid 'manifolds in said casing corresponding Vto thejets for both rotors, and having spaced inlet openings thereinfan'd aihollowfangullarly 4arranged 'manual lvalve communicating at 'one fendWith -said source and adapted to alternately register Iwith saidmanifold openings `at its other end to 4control lthe ydirection ofrotation.

AMEL BEN BROLUSKA.

No references cited.

